
Eleanor Roosevelt
First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945
Brian Mulroney was a Canadian politician who served as the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993. He was known for his economic reforms, such as the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement and the goods and services tax (GST), as well as his efforts to seek Quebec’s endorsement of the 1982 constitutional amendments. Mulroney’s tenure was also marked by controversy and declining popularity towards the end of his time in office.
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Martin Brian Mulroney was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993.
Born in the eastern Quebec city of Baie-Comeau, Mulroney studied political science and law. He then moved to Montreal and gained prominence as a labour lawyer. After placing third in the 1976 Progressive Conservative leadership election, he was appointed president of the Iron Ore Company of Canada in 1977. He held that post until 1983, when he became leader of the Progressive Conservatives. He led the party to a landslide victory in the 1984 federal election, winning the second-largest percentage of seats in Canadian historyand receiving over 50 percent of the popular vote. He later won a second majority government in 1988.
Mulroney’s tenure as prime minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, the goods and services taxthat was created to replace the manufacturers’ sales tax, and the privatization of 23 of 61 Crown corporations including Air Canada and Petro-Canada. However, he was unsuccessful in reducing Canada’s chronic budget deficit. Mulroney sought Quebec’s endorsement of the 1982 constitutional amendments by first introducing the Meech Lake Accord and then the Charlottetown Accord. Both proposed recognizing Quebec as a distinct society, extending provincial powers, and extensively changing the constitution. Both of the accords failed to be ratified, and the Meech Lake Accord’s demise revived Quebec separatism, leading to the rise of the Bloc Quebecois. In foreign policy, Mulroney strengthened Canada’s ties with the United States and opposed the apartheid regime in South Africa, leading an effort within the Commonwealth to sanction the country. Mulroney’s tenure was marked by the Air India Flight 182 bombing, the largest mass killing in Canadian history, though his response to the attack came under criticism. Mulroney made environmental protection a priority by securing a treaty with the United States on acid rain, making Canada the first industrialized country to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity, adding significant national parks, and passing the Environmental Assessment Act and the Environmental Protection Act.
The unpopularity of the GST and the controversy surrounding its passage in the Senate, combined with the early 1990s recession, the collapse of the Charlottetown Accord, and growing Western alienation that triggered the rise of the Reform Party, caused a stark decline in Mulroney’s popularity, which induced him to resign and hand over power to his cabinet minister Kim Campbell in June 1993. In the election later that year, the Progressive Conservatives were reduced from a majority government of 156 seats to two, with its support being eroded by the Bloc and Reform parties. In his retirement, Mulroney served as an international business consultant and sat on the board of directors of multiple corporations. Although he places average or above average in rankings of Canadian prime ministers, his legacy remains controversial. He was criticized for his role in the resurgence of Quebec nationalism and accused of corruption in the Airbus affair, a scandal that came to light only several years after he left office.
Brian Mulroney was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993.
During his tenure as prime minister, Brian Mulroney introduced major economic reforms such as the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement and the goods and services tax (GST) that replaced the manufacturers’ sales tax.
Brian Mulroney sought Quebec’s endorsement of the 1982 constitutional amendments by introducing the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord, but both failed to be ratified, and the Meech Lake Accord’s demise revived Quebec separatism.
The Air India Flight 182 bombing, the largest mass killing in Canadian history, occurred during Brian Mulroney’s tenure as prime minister, though his response to the attack came under criticism.
The unpopularity of the GST, the early 1990s recession, the collapse of the Charlottetown Accord, and the rise of the Reform Party caused a stark decline in Brian Mulroney’s popularity, leading him to resign and hand over power to his cabinet minister Kim Campbell in 1993.
Brian Mulroney’s legacy remains controversial, as he was criticized for his role in the resurgence of Quebec nationalism and accused of corruption in the Airbus affair, a scandal that came to light after he left office.
In the election after Mulroney’s resignation, the Progressive Conservatives were reduced from a majority government of 156 seats to only two, with their support being eroded by the Bloc and Reform parties.
I would go to them and I would explain this is the price of going forward. We’re going to move ahead in all these other areas. We’re moving ahead in tax reform and GST, we are moving ahead on trade, but this will not be done at the cost of the environment.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
And look, I was a big, brassy guy who won and won big. I did what I wanted.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
Every cabinet minister gets a mission statement from the Prime Minister.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
The biggest trading partner of the United States is not West Germany or Japan, it’s right here.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
First, President Reagan was not enthusiastic. But I built up a relationship with him in other areas and then persuaded him that this was important to us and to me, and that we had to at least be in the process of looking at this seriously.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
You have to spend your political capital on great causes for your country.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
For example, the Prime Minister earlier this year talked about the importance of the Arctic to our future. He’s right. A hundred years from now, the strength of Canada is going to be coming from our resources in the Arctic.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
Trudeau’s contribution was not to build Canada but to destroy it, and I had to come in and save it.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
It’s my responsibility, and entirely my fault, Of course I regret it. It’s the kind of locker-room conversation we all use, but as prime minister I shouldn’t have used it.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
I am not denying anything I did not say.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
When I appointed the Minister of the Environment to major cabinet status, the Planning and Priorities committee, the signals that that sent through Ottawa were major, because that’s what the bureaucracy understands.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
So that was Reagan’s political problem. As a rancher in California, he was an environmentalist himself. But the President of the United States doesn’t control everything that happens in Washington.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
There are so many demands on your time, on your resources, and on the prestige of the government.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
If your only objective is to be popular, you’re going to be popular but you will be known as the Prime Minister who achieved nothing.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
We created the Cabinet Committee on the Environment to review the environmental implications of all government initiatives. I think what made us successful was the fact that it was a sustained approach. We did something new every year.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
You accumulate political capital to spend it on noble causes for Canada. If you’re afraid to spend your capital, you shouldn’t be there.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
I think the government has to reposition environment on top of their national and international priorities.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
If everything is very important, then nothing is important.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
In politics, madame, you need two things: friends, but above all an enemy.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
And, of course, the fact that Maurice Strong, a Canadian, was in charge made it important for us to pull up our socks and become leaders in this field. Now, here is a field we should be a leader in!
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
You can’t be chasing 15 rabbits. Otherwise, the public mind cannot follow you.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
We decided that the environment was an integral part of our policies and the political thrust of our government. We gave it the priority and we sustained it with the money required to make it happen.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
Whether the process proves to be Kyoto or something else, let’s acknowledge the urgency of global warming.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
Once you articulate an agenda, you have to follow it.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
I can see now a vision emerging how Canada is going to profit in the future from our Arctic resources without destroying the environment on which it is all based.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
You cannot name a Canadian prime minister who has done as many significant things as I did, because there are none.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993
The Conservatives over the years have done a great deal, from Sir John A, to Diefenbaker, and others.
Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993