Eleanor Roosevelt

First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

Eleanor Roosevelt was an influential American political figure, diplomat, and activist who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. She played a pivotal role in redefining the role of the First Lady and became a prominent advocate for human rights, serving as a U.S. delegate to the United Nations and chairing the UN Commission on Human Rights.

Table of Contents

Family Info

Siblings

Hall Roosevelt

Spouses

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Children

Elliott Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.

John Aspinwall Roosevelt

Anna Roosevelt Halsted

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

About the Eleanor Roosevelt

Anna Eleanor Rooseveltwas an American political figure, diplomat, and activist. She was the first lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945, during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms as president, making her the longest-serving first lady of the United States. Through her travels, public engagement, and advocacy, she largely redefined the role of first lady. Roosevelt then served as a United States Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1945 to 1952, and took a leading role in designing the text and gaining international support for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1948, she was given a standing ovation by the assembly upon their adoption of the declaration. President Harry S. Truman later called her the “First Lady of the World” in tribute to her human rights achievements.

Roosevelt was a member of the prominent and wealthy American Roosevelt and Livingston families and a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt. She had an unhappy childhood, having suffered the deaths of both parents and one of her brothers at a young age. At 15, she attended Allenswood Boarding Academy in London and was deeply influenced by its founder and director Marie Souvestre. Returning to the U.S., she married her fifth cousin once removed, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in 1905. Between 1906 and 1916 she gave birth to six children, one of whom died in infancy. The Roosevelts’ marriage became complicated after Eleanor discovered her husband’s affair with her social secretary, Lucy Mercer, in 1918. Due to mediation by her mother-in-law, Sara, who was a strong financial supporter of the family, the liaison was ended officially. After that, both partners started to keep independent agendas, and Eleanor joined the Women’s Trade Union League and became active in the New York state Democratic Party.

Roosevelt helped persuade her husband to stay in politics after he was stricken with a paralytic illness in 1921, which cost him the normal use of his legs, and she began giving speeches and appearing at campaign events in his place. Following Franklin’s election as governor of New York in 1928, and throughout the remainder of Franklin’s public career in government, Roosevelt regularly made public appearances on his behalf; and as first lady, while her husband served as president, she significantly reshaped and redefined the role.

Roosevelt was, in her time, one of the world’s most widely admired and powerful women. Nevertheless, in her early years in the White House she was a controversial first lady for her outspokenness, particularly with respect to her promotion of civil rights for African Americans. She was the first presidential spouse to hold regular press conferences, write a daily newspaper column, write a monthly magazine column, host a weekly radio show, and speak at a national party convention. On a few occasions, she publicly disagreed with her husband’s policies. She launched an experimental community at Arthurdale, West Virginia, for the families of unemployed miners, later widely regarded as a failure. She advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace, the civil rights of African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees. Following her husband’s death in 1945, Roosevelt remained active in politics for the remaining 17 years of her life. She pressed the United States to join and support the United Nations and became its first delegate to the committee on Human Rights. She served as the first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights and oversaw the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Later, she chaired the John F. Kennedy administration’s Presidential Commission on the Status of Women. By the time of her death, Roosevelt was regarded as “one of the most esteemed women in the world”; The New York Times called her “the object of almost universal respect” in her obituary.

In 1999, Roosevelt was ranked ninth in the top ten of Gallup’s List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century, and was found to rank as the most admired woman in thirteen different years between 1948 and 1961 in Gallup’s annual most admired woman poll. Periodic surveys conducted by the Siena College Research Institute have consistently seen historians assess Roosevelt as the greatest American first lady.

Frequently Asked Questions

Eleanor Roosevelt significantly reshaped and redefined the role of First Lady. She was the first presidential spouse to hold regular press conferences, write a daily newspaper column, write a monthly magazine column, host a weekly radio show, and speak at a national party convention.

After Eleanor Roosevelt discovered her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt’s affair with her social secretary in 1918, the couple started to keep independent agendas, and Eleanor became active in the New York state Democratic Party and the Women’s Trade Union League.

Eleanor Roosevelt served as a United States Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1945 to 1952, and took a leading role in designing the text and gaining international support for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. She was later called the ,First Lady of the World, in tribute to her human rights achievements.

Eleanor Roosevelt had an unhappy childhood, having suffered the deaths of both parents and one of her brothers at a young age. At 15, she attended Allenswood Boarding Academy in London, where she was deeply influenced by its founder and director Marie Souvestre.

Eleanor Roosevelt helped persuade her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, to stay in politics after he was stricken with a paralytic illness in 1921, and she regularly made public appearances on his behalf, both as governor of New York and as president.

By the time of her death, Eleanor Roosevelt was regarded as ,one of the most esteemed women in the world,, and she was ranked ninth in Gallup’s List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century. She was also found to rank as the most admired woman in thirteen different years between 1948 and 1961.

As First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt was a controversial figure for her outspokenness, particularly with respect to her promotion of civil rights for African Americans. She was a strong advocate for the civil rights of African Americans and Asian Americans.

69 Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt

  1. 1.

    Autobiographies are only useful as the lives you read about and analyze may suggest to you something that you may find useful in your own journey through life.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  2. 2.

    Sometimes I wonder if we shall ever grow up in our politics and say definite things which mean something, or whether we shall always go on using generalities to which everyone can subscribe, and which mean very little.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  3. 3.

    It is not fair to ask of others what you are not willing to do yourself.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  4. 4.

    When you cease to make a contribution, you begin to die.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  5. 5.

    With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  6. 6.

    Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  7. 7.

    The Bible illustrated by Dore occupied many of my hours – and I think probably gave me many nightmares.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  8. 8.

    I’m so glad I never feel important, it does complicate life!

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  9. 9.

    Do what you feel in your heart to be right- for you’ll be criticized anyway. You’ll be damned if you do, and damned if you don’t.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  10. 10.

    I believe that anyone can conquer fear by doing the things he fears to do, provided he keeps doing them until he gets a record of successful experience behind him.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  11. 11.

    We gain strength, and courage, and confidence by each experience in which we really stop to look fear in the face… we must do that which we think we cannot.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  12. 12.

    I have spent many years of my life in opposition, and I rather like the role.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  13. 13.

    Understanding is a two-way street.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  14. 14.

    One’s philosophy is not best expressed in words; it is expressed in the choices one makes… and the choices we make are ultimately our responsibility.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  15. 15.

    You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, ‘I lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along.’

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  16. 16.

    You must do the things you think you cannot do.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  17. 17.

    Campaign behavior for wives: Always be on time. Do as little talking as humanly possible. Lean back in the parade car so everybody can see the president.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  18. 18.

    In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  19. 19.

    My experience has been that work is almost the best way to pull oneself out of the depths.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  20. 20.

    Never allow a person to tell you no who doesn’t have the power to say yes.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  21. 21.

    When will our consciences grow so tender that we will act to prevent human misery rather than avenge it?

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  22. 22.

    The giving of love is an education in itself.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  23. 23.

    We are afraid to care too much, for fear that the other person does not care at all.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  24. 24.

    The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  25. 25.

    Remember always that you not only have the right to be an individual, you have an obligation to be one.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  26. 26.

    I once had a rose named after me and I was very flattered. But I was not pleased to read the description in the catalogue: no good in a bed, but fine up against a wall.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  27. 27.

    As for accomplishments, I just did what I had to do as things came along.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  28. 28.

    It is not more vacation we need – it is more vocation.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  29. 29.

    A woman is like a tea bag – you can’t tell how strong she is until you put her in hot water.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  30. 30.

    Anyone who thinks must think of the next war as they would of suicide.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  31. 31.

    I used to tell my husband that, if he could make me ‘understand’ something, it would be clear to all the other people in the country.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  32. 32.

    A little simplification would be the first step toward rational living, I think.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  33. 33.

    Anyone who knows history, particularly the history of Europe, will, I think, recognize that the domination of education or of government by any one particular religious faith is never a happy arrangement for the people.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  34. 34.

    Probably the happiest period in life most frequently is in middle age, when the eager passions of youth are cooled, and the infirmities of age not yet begun; as we see that the shadows, which are at morning and evening so large, almost entirely disappear at midday.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  35. 35.

    The battle for the individual rights of women is one of long standing and none of us should countenance anything which undermines it.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  36. 36.

    What you don’t do can be a destructive force.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  37. 37.

    Only a man’s character is the real criterion of worth.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  38. 38.

    It takes as much energy to wish as it does to plan.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  39. 39.

    Happiness is not a goal; it is a by-product.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  40. 40.

    Perhaps nature is our best assurance of immortality.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  41. 41.

    Actors are one family over the entire world.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  42. 42.

    Life must be lived and curiosity kept alive. One must never, for whatever reason, turn his back on life.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  43. 43.

    You can’t move so fast that you try to change the mores faster than people can accept it. That doesn’t mean you do nothing, but it means that you do the things that need to be done according to priority.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  44. 44.

    Since you get more joy out of giving joy to others, you should put a good deal of thought into the happiness that you are able to give.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  45. 45.

    Freedom makes a huge requirement of every human being. With freedom comes responsibility. For the person who is unwilling to grow up, the person who does not want to carry is own weight, this is a frightening prospect.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  46. 46.

    When life is too easy for us, we must beware or we may not be ready to meet the blows which sooner or later come to everyone, rich or poor.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  47. 47.

    If life were predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  48. 48.

    You have to accept whatever comes and the only important thing is that you meet it with courage and with the best that you have to give.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  49. 49.

    Hate and force cannot be in just a part of the world without having an effect on the rest of it.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  50. 50.

    I think, at a child’s birth, if a mother could ask a fairy godmother to endow it with the most useful gift, that gift should be curiosity.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  51. 51.

    It is better to light a candle than curse the darkness.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  52. 52.

    What one has to do usually can be done.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  53. 53.

    It isn’t enough to talk about peace. One must believe in it. And it isn’t enough to believe in it. One must work at it.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  54. 54.

    You can never really live anyone else’s life, not even your child’s. The influence you exert is through your own life, and what you’ve become yourself.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  55. 55.

    I can not believe that war is the best solution. No one won the last war, and no one will win the next war.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  56. 56.

    I think that somehow, we learn who we really are and then live with that decision.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  57. 57.

    No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  58. 58.

    There are practical little things in housekeeping which no man really understands.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  59. 59.

    The only things one can admire at length are those one admires without knowing why.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  60. 60.

    The only advantage of not being too good a housekeeper is that your guests are so pleased to feel how very much better they are.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  61. 61.

    Have convictions. Be friendly. Stick to your beliefs as they stick to theirs. Work as hard as they do.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  62. 62.

    Justice cannot be for one side alone, but must be for both.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  63. 63.

    In all our contacts it is probably the sense of being really needed and wanted which gives us the greatest satisfaction and creates the most lasting bond.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  64. 64.

    Women are like teabags. We don’t know our true strength until we are in hot water!

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  65. 65.

    Friendship with ones self is all important, because without it one cannot be friends with anyone else in the world.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  66. 66.

    Old age has deformities enough of its own. It should never add to them the deformity of vice.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  67. 67.

    Too often the great decisions are originated and given form in bodies made up wholly of men, or so completely dominated by them that whatever of special value women have to offer is shunted aside without expression.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  68. 68.

    Ambition is pitiless. Any merit that it cannot use it finds despicable.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945

  69. 69.

    People grow through experience if they meet life honestly and courageously. This is how character is built.

    Eleanor Roosevelt

    First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945