Harry S. Truman

president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe after World War II and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of Soviet communism. Truman was also known for his civil rights initiatives and the use of nuclear weapons against Japan.

Table of Contents

About the Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States senator from Missouri from 1935 to 1945 and briefly in 1945 as the 34th vice president

under Franklin D. Roosevelt. Assuming the presidency after Roosevelt’s death, Truman implemented the Marshall Plan in the wake of World War II to rebuild the economy of Western Europe and established both the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of Soviet communism. He proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the conservative coalition that dominated Congress.

Truman was raised in Independence, Missouri, and during World War I fought in France as a captain in the Field Artillery. Returning home, he opened a haberdashery in Kansas City, Missouri, and was elected as a judge of Jackson County in 1922. Truman was elected to the United States Senate from Missouri in 1934. Between 1940 and 1944, he gained national prominence as chairman of the Truman Committee, which was aimed at reducing waste and inefficiency in wartime contracts.

Truman was elected vice president in the 1944 presidential election and assumed the presidency upon Roosevelt’s death in April 1945. It was only when Truman assumed the presidency that he was informed about the ongoing Manhattan Project and the atomic bomb. Truman authorized the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Truman’s administration engaged in an internationalist foreign policy by working closely with Britain. Truman staunchly denounced isolationism. He energized the New Deal coalition during the 1948 presidential election, despite a divided Democratic Party, and won a surprise victory against Republican Party nominee Thomas E. Dewey that secured his own presidential term.

Truman presided over the onset of the Cold War in 1947. He oversaw the Berlin Airlift and Marshall Plan in 1948. With the involvement of the US in the Korean War of 1950-1953, South Korea repelled the invasion by North Korea. Domestically, the postwar economic challenges such as strikes and inflation created a mixed reaction over the effectiveness of his administration. In 1948, he proposed Congress pass comprehensive civil rights legislation. Congress refused, so Truman issued Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981, which prohibited discrimination in federal agencies and desegregated the U.S. Armed Forces.

Investigations revealed corruption in parts of the Truman administration, and this became a major campaign issue in the 1952 presidential election, although they did not implicate Truman himself. He was eligible for reelection in 1952 but, with poor polling, he chose not to run. Truman went into a retirement marked by the founding of his presidential library and the publication of his memoirs. It was long thought that his retirement years were financially difficult for Truman, resulting in Congress establishing a pension for former presidents, but evidence eventually emerged that he amassed considerable wealth, some of it while still president. When he left office, Truman’s administration was heavily criticized. Despite this controversy, scholars rank Truman in the first quartile of American presidents. In addition, critical reassessment of his presidency has improved his reputation among historians and the general population.

Frequently Asked Questions

Harry S. Truman was born on May 8, 1884.

Harry S. Truman served as the 33rd President of the United States from 1945 to 1953.

Before becoming President, Harry S. Truman served as a United States Senator from Missouri from 1935 to 1945 and briefly as the 34th Vice President under Franklin D. Roosevelt.

As President, Harry S. Truman implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe, established the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of Soviet communism, and authorized the use of nuclear weapons against Japan.

Harry S. Truman proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but most were not enacted due to the conservative coalition that dominated Congress. He also issued executive orders to prohibit discrimination in federal agencies and desegregate the U.S. Armed Forces.

Truman’s administration faced postwar economic challenges such as strikes and inflation, as well as corruption investigations, which became a major campaign issue in the 1952 presidential election.

Despite the controversies during his presidency, scholars now rank Harry S. Truman in the first quartile of American presidents, and his reputation has improved among historians and the general public over time.

73 Quotes by Harry S. Truman

  1. 1.

    The Marine Corps is the Navy’s police force and as long as I am President that is what it will remain. They have a propaganda machine that is almost equal to Stalin’s.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  2. 2.

    You want a friend in Washington? Get a dog.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  3. 3.

    A President needs political understanding to run the government, but he may be elected without it.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  4. 4.

    I never gave anybody hell! I just told the truth and they thought it was hell.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  5. 5.

    In my opinion eight years as president is enough and sometimes too much for any man to serve in that capacity.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  6. 6.

    Washington is a very easy city for you to forget where you came from and why you got there in the first place.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  7. 7.

    I remember when I first came to Washington. For the first six months you wonder how the hell you ever got here. For the next six months you wonder how the hell the rest of them ever got here.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  8. 8.

    Study men, not historians.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  9. 9.

    I never did give anybody hell. I just told the truth and they thought it was hell.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  10. 10.

    It sure is hell to be president.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  11. 11.

    Always be sincere, even if you don’t mean it.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  12. 12.

    Carry the battle to them. Don’t let them bring it to you. Put them on the defensive and don’t ever apologize for anything.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  13. 13.

    Actions are the seed of fate deeds grow into destiny.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  14. 14.

    It is understanding that gives us an ability to have peace. When we understand the other fellow’s viewpoint, and he understands ours, then we can sit down and work out our differences.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  15. 15.

    A politician is a man who understands government. A statesman is a politician who’s been dead for 15 years.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  16. 16.

    A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities and an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  17. 17.

    Richard Nixon is a no good, lying bastard. He can lie out of both sides of his mouth at the same time, and if he ever caught himself telling the truth, he’d lie just to keep his hand in.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  18. 18.

    If I hadn’t been President of the United States, I probably would have ended up a piano player in a bawdy house.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  19. 19.

    Most of the problems a President has to face have their roots in the past.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  20. 20.

    You and I are stuck with the necessity of taking the worst of two evils or none at all. So-I’m taking the immature Democrat as the best of the two. Nixon is impossible.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  21. 21.

    My father was not a failure. After all, he was the father of a president of the United States.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  22. 22.

    America was not built on fear. America was built on courage, on imagination and an unbeatable determination to do the job at hand.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  23. 23.

    The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  24. 24.

    I have no desire to crow over anybody or to see anybody eating crow, figuratively or otherwise. We should all get together and make a country in which everybody can eat turkey whenever he pleases.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  25. 25.

    In reading the lives of great men, I found that the first victory they won was over themselves… self-discipline with all of them came first.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  26. 26.

    Well, I wouldn’t say that I was in the great class, but I had a great time while I was trying to be great.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  27. 27.

    Any man who has had the job I’ve had and didn’t have a sense of humor wouldn’t still be here.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  28. 28.

    All the president is, is a glorified public relations man who spends his time flattering, kissing, and kicking people to get them to do what they are supposed to do anyway.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  29. 29.

    To hell with them. When history is written they will be the sons of bitches – not I.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  30. 30.

    If you can’t convince them, confuse them.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  31. 31.

    A leader in the Democratic Party is a boss, in the Republican Party he is a leader.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  32. 32.

    This administration is going to be cussed and discussed for years to come.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  33. 33.

    I would rather have peace in the world than be President.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  34. 34.

    A bureaucrat is a Democrat who holds some office that a Republican wants.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  35. 35.

    If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  36. 36.

    It’s plain hokum. If you can’t convince ’em, confuse ’em. It’s an old political trick. But this time it won’t work.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  37. 37.

    The White House is the finest prison in the world.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  38. 38.

    You know that being an American is more than a matter of where your parents came from. It is a belief that all men are created free and equal and that everyone deserves an even break.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  39. 39.

    The atom bomb was no “great decision.” It was merely another powerful weapon in the arsenal of righteousness.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  40. 40.

    Whenever a fellow tells me he’s bipartisan, I know he’s going to vote against me.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  41. 41.

    The President is always abused. If he isn’t, he isn’t doing anything.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  42. 42.

    It’s a recession when your neighbor loses his job; it’s a depression when you lose yours.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  43. 43.

    Art is parasitic on life, just as criticism is parasitic on art.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  44. 44.

    I’ve said many a time that I think the Un-American Activities Committee in the House of Representatives was the most un-American thing in America!

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  45. 45.

    Those who want the Government to regulate matters of the mind and spirit are like men who are so afraid of being murdered that they commit suicide to avoid assassination.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  46. 46.

    The reward of suffering is experience.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  47. 47.

    I do not believe there is a problem in this country or the world today which could not be settled if approached through the teaching of the Sermon on the Mount.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  48. 48.

    There is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  49. 49.

    Being too good is apt to be uninteresting.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  50. 50.

    Upon books the collective education of the race depends; they are the sole instruments of registering, perpetuating and transmitting thought.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  51. 51.

    Nixon is one of the few in the history of this country to run for high office talking out of both sides of his mouth at the same time and lying out of both sides.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  52. 52.

    Men make history and not the other way around. In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  53. 53.

    You can always amend a big plan, but you can never expand a little one. I don’t believe in little plans. I believe in plans big enough to meet a situation which we can’t possibly foresee now.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  54. 54.

    I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  55. 55.

    Intense feeling too often obscures the truth.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  56. 56.

    If I’d known how much packing I’d have to do, I’d have run again.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  57. 57.

    The only things worth learning are the things you learn after you know it all.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  58. 58.

    A president either is constantly on top of events or, if he hesitates, events will soon be on top of him. I never felt that I could let up for a moment.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  59. 59.

    A President cannot always be popular.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  60. 60.

    We shall never be able to remove suspicion and fear as potential causes of war until communication is permitted to flow, free and open, across international boundaries.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  61. 61.

    The human animal cannot be trusted for anything good except en masse. The combined thought and action of the whole people of any race, creed or nationality, will always point in the right direction.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  62. 62.

    When you have an efficient government, you have a dictatorship.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  63. 63.

    When you get to be President, there are all those things, the honors, the twenty-one gun salutes, all those things. You have to remember it isn’t for you. It’s for the Presidency.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  64. 64.

    The buck stops here!

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  65. 65.

    All my life, whenever it comes time to make a decision, I make it and forget about it.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  66. 66.

    It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  67. 67.

    Experience has shown how deeply the seeds of war are planted by economic rivalry and social injustice.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  68. 68.

    Whenever you put a man on the Supreme Court he ceases to be your friend.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  69. 69.

    You can never get all the facts from just one newspaper, and unless you have all the facts, you cannot make proper judgements about what is going on.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  70. 70.

    My choice early in life was either to be a piano-player in a whorehouse or a politician. And to tell the truth, there’s hardly any difference.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  71. 71.

    I had faith in Israel before it was established, I have in it now. I believe it has a glorious future before it – not just another sovereign nation, but as an embodiment of the great ideals of our civilization.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  72. 72.

    The best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)

  73. 73.

    When even one American – who has done nothing wrong – is forced by fear to shut his mind and close his mouth – then all Americans are in peril.

    Harry S. Truman

    president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972)