Ida B. Wells

American Activist
Ida B. Wells was an American journalist, educator, and civil rights pioneer who dedicated her career to fighting prejudice, violence, and advocating for African-American equality, especially for women. She documented the brutal practice of lynching in the United States and worked tirelessly to expose the truth and stop this horrific violence.

About Ida B. Wells

Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931) was an American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Wells dedicated her career to combating prejudice and violence, and advocating for African-American equality–especially that of women.

Throughout the 1890s, Wells documented lynching in the United States in articles and through pamphlets such as Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases and The Red Record, which debunked the fallacy frequently voiced by whites at the time that all Black lynching victims were guilty of crimes. Wells exposed the brutality of lynching, and analyzed its sociology, arguing that whites used lynching to terrorize African Americans in the South because they represented economic and political competition–and thus a threat of loss of power–for whites. She aimed to demonstrate the truth about this violence and advocate for measures to stop it.

Wells was born into slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi. At the age of 16, she lost both her parents and her infant brother in the 1878 yellow fever epidemic. She went to work and kept the rest of the family together with the help of her grandmother. Later, moving with some of her siblings to Memphis, Tennessee, Wells found better pay as a teacher. Soon, Wells co-owned and wrote for the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight newspaper, where her reporting covered incidents of racial segregation and inequality. Eventually, her investigative journalism was carried nationally in Black-owned newspapers. Subjected to continued threats and criminal violence, including when a white mob destroyed her newspaper office and presses, Wells left Memphis for Chicago, Illinois. She married Ferdinand L. Barnett in 1895 and had a family while continuing her work writing, speaking, and organizing for civil rights and the women’s movement for the rest of her life.

Wells was outspoken regarding her beliefs as a Black female activist and faced regular public disapproval, sometimes including from other leaders within the civil rights movement and the women’s suffrage movement. She was active in women’s rights and the women’s suffrage movement, establishing several notable women’s organizations. A skilled and persuasive speaker, Wells traveled nationally and internationally on lecture tours. Wells died on March 25, 1931, in Chicago, and in 2020 was posthumously honored with a Pulitzer Prize special citation “for her outstanding and courageous reporting on the horrific and vicious violence against African Americans during the era of lynching.”

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Frequently asked questions about Ida B. Wells

Ida B. Wells was an American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Throughout the 1890s, Ida B. Wells documented lynching in the United States in articles and pamphlets such as ‘Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases’ and ‘The Red Record’, which debunked the myth that all Black lynching victims were guilty of crimes. She exposed the brutality of lynching and advocated for measures to stop it.

Ida B. Wells dedicated her career to combating prejudice and violence, and advocating for African-American equality, especially for women. Her investigative journalism and activism played a crucial role in the early civil rights movement.

Ida B. Wells was born into slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi. After losing both her parents and infant brother in the 1878 yellow fever epidemic, she went to work and kept the rest of her family together with the help of her grandmother.

Wells co-owned and wrote for the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight newspaper, where her reporting covered incidents of racial segregation and inequality. Eventually, her investigative journalism was carried nationally in Black-owned newspapers. Subjected to continued threats and violence, Wells moved to Chicago, where she continued her work as a writer, speaker, and organizer for civil rights and the women’s movement.

Ida B. Wells was active in the women’s rights and suffrage movement, establishing several notable women’s organizations. As a skilled and persuasive speaker, she traveled nationally and internationally on lecture tours, advocating for the rights of African-American women.

In 2020, Ida B. Wells was posthumously honored with a Pulitzer Prize special citation ,for her outstanding and courageous reporting on the horrific and vicious violence against African Americans during the era of lynching.

Quotes by Ida B. Wells

Although lynchings have steadily increased in number and barbarity during the last twenty years, there has been no single effort put forth by the many moral and philanthropic forces of the country to put a stop to this wholesale slaughter.

Ida B. Wells

Brave men do not gather by thousands to torture and murder a single individual, so gagged and bound he cannot make even feeble resistance or defense.

Ida B. Wells

I came home every Friday afternoon, riding the six miles on the back of a big mule. I spent Saturday and Sunday washing and ironing and cooking for the children and went back to my country school on Sunday afternoon.

Ida B. Wells

I had an instinctive feeling that the people who have little or no school training should have something coming into their homes weekly which dealt with their problems in a simple, helpful way… so I wrote in a plain, common-sense way on the things that concerned our people.

Ida B. Wells

If this work can contribute in any way toward proving this, and at the same time arouse the conscience of the American people to a demand for justice to every citizen, and punishment by law for the lawless, I shall feel I have done my race a service.

Ida B. Wells

In fact, for all kinds of offenses – and, for no offenses – from murders to misdemeanors, men and women are put to death without judge or jury; so that, although the political excuse was no longer necessary, the wholesale murder of human beings went on just the same.

Ida B. Wells

No nation, savage or civilized, save only the United States of America, has confessed its inability to protect its women save by hanging, shooting, and burning alleged offenders.

Ida B. Wells

Our country’s national crime is lynching. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob.

Ida B. Wells

Somebody must show that the Afro-American race is more sinned against than sinning, and it seems to have fallen upon me to do so.

Ida B. Wells

The Afro-American is not a bestial race.

Ida B. Wells

The Afro-American is thus the backbone of the South.

Ida B. Wells

The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased.

Ida B. Wells

The appeal to the white man’s pocket has ever been more effectual than all the appeals ever made to his conscience.

Ida B. Wells

The city of Memphis has demonstrated that neither character nor standing avails the Negro if he dares to protect himself against the white man or become his rival.

Ida B. Wells

The mob spirit has grown with the increasing intelligence of the Afro-American.

Ida B. Wells

The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes.

Ida B. Wells

The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd.

Ida B. Wells

The only times an Afro-American who was assaulted got away has been when he had a gun and used it in self-defense.

Ida B. Wells

The people must know before they can act, and there is no educator to compare with the press.

Ida B. Wells

The South is brutalized to a degree not realized by its own inhabitants, and the very foundation of government, law and order, are imperilled.

Ida B. Wells

The South resented giving the Afro-American his freedom, the ballot box and the Civil Rights Law.

Ida B. Wells

The white man’s dollar is his god, and to stop this will be to stop outrages in many localities.

Ida B. Wells

The white man’s victory soon became complete by fraud, violence, intimidation and murder.

Ida B. Wells

There is nothing we can do about the lynching now, as we are out-numbered and without arms.

Ida B. Wells

Thus lynch law held sway in the far West until civilization spread into the Territories and the orderly processes of law took its place. The emergency no longer existing, lynching gradually disappeared from the West.

Ida B. Wells

What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party.

Ida B. Wells